The main objective of geometry dash is to guide a geometric character through a series of obstacle-filled levels. The character moves forward automatically, so players do not control its speed directly. Instead, they must focus on timing their actions correctly. In the basic cube form, a click or tap makes the character jump. Players must jump over spikes, avoid obstacles, and land safely on platforms while following the rhythm of the level's music.

One of the most interesting aspects of the gameplay is the variety of movement modes. As players progress through a level, they can enter portals that transform their character into different forms. These include the ship, which allows players to fly by controlling vertical movement; the ball, which changes gravity when activated; and the UFO, which performs individual jumps with each input. Other forms, such as the wave, robot, and spider, introduce additional movement mechanics. Each mode requires a different approach, forcing players to quickly adapt to new challenges.